food-ai/backend/cmd/importoff/main.go

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"compress/gzip"
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"log/slog"
	"os"
	"os/signal"
	"strings"
	"syscall"

	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
)

// offRecord is the JSON shape of one line in the OpenFoodFacts JSONL dump.
type offRecord struct {
	Code           string        `json:"code"`
	ProductName    string        `json:"product_name"`
	ProductNameEN  string        `json:"product_name_en"`
	CategoriesTags []string      `json:"categories_tags"`
	Nutriments     offNutriments `json:"nutriments"`
	UniqueScansN   int           `json:"unique_scans_n"`
}

type offNutriments struct {
	EnergyKcal100g    *float64 `json:"energy-kcal_100g"`
	Proteins100g      *float64 `json:"proteins_100g"`
	Fat100g           *float64 `json:"fat_100g"`
	Carbohydrates100g *float64 `json:"carbohydrates_100g"`
	Fiber100g         *float64 `json:"fiber_100g"`
}

type productImportRow struct {
	canonicalName string
	barcode       string
	category      *string
	calories      float64
	protein       *float64
	fat           *float64
	carbs         *float64
	fiber         *float64
}

// categoryPrefixes maps OpenFoodFacts category tag prefixes to our product_categories slugs.
// Entries are checked in order; the first match wins.
var categoryPrefixes = []struct {
	prefix string
	slug   string
}{
	{"en:dairies", "dairy"},
	{"en:dairy-products", "dairy"},
	{"en:meats", "meat"},
	{"en:poultry", "meat"},
	{"en:fish-and-seafood", "meat"},
	{"en:fruits", "produce"},
	{"en:vegetables", "produce"},
	{"en:plant-based-foods", "produce"},
	{"en:breads", "bakery"},
	{"en:pastries", "bakery"},
	{"en:baked-goods", "bakery"},
	{"en:frozen-foods", "frozen"},
	{"en:beverages", "beverages"},
	{"en:drinks", "beverages"},
	{"en:sodas", "beverages"},
	{"en:waters", "beverages"},
}

func resolveCategory(categoriesTags []string) *string {
	for _, tag := range categoriesTags {
		for _, mapping := range categoryPrefixes {
			if strings.HasPrefix(tag, mapping.prefix) {
				slug := mapping.slug
				return &slug
			}
		}
	}
	other := "other"
	return &other
}

func main() {
	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(os.Stdout, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: slog.LevelInfo}))
	slog.SetDefault(logger)

	if runError := run(); runError != nil {
		slog.Error("import failed", "error", runError)
		os.Exit(1)
	}
}

func run() error {
	filePathFlag := flag.String("file", "", "path to OFF JSONL or JSONL.GZ file (required)")
	dsnFlag := flag.String("dsn", os.Getenv("DATABASE_URL"), "postgres connection DSN")
	limitFlag := flag.Int("limit", 0, "stop after N accepted products (0 = no limit)")
	batchSizeFlag := flag.Int("batch", 500, "products per upsert batch")
	minScansFlag := flag.Int("min-scans", 1, "minimum unique_scans_n to include a product (0 = no filter)")
	flag.Parse()

	if *filePathFlag == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("-file is required")
	}
	if *dsnFlag == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("-dsn or DATABASE_URL is required")
	}

	importContext, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
	defer stop()

	pgxConn, connectError := pgx.Connect(importContext, *dsnFlag)
	if connectError != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("connect to database: %w", connectError)
	}
	defer pgxConn.Close(importContext)
	slog.Info("connected to database")

	// Create a temporary staging table for the COPY step.
	// It has no unique constraints so COPY never fails on duplicate data.
	if _, createError := pgxConn.Exec(importContext, `
		CREATE TEMP TABLE IF NOT EXISTS products_import (
			canonical_name    TEXT,
			barcode           TEXT,
			category          TEXT,
			calories_per_100g DOUBLE PRECISION,
			protein_per_100g  DOUBLE PRECISION,
			fat_per_100g      DOUBLE PRECISION,
			carbs_per_100g    DOUBLE PRECISION,
			fiber_per_100g    DOUBLE PRECISION
		)`); createError != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("create staging table: %w", createError)
	}

	dataFile, openError := os.Open(*filePathFlag)
	if openError != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("open file: %w", openError)
	}
	defer dataFile.Close()

	var lineScanner *bufio.Scanner
	if strings.HasSuffix(*filePathFlag, ".gz") {
		gzipReader, gzipError := gzip.NewReader(dataFile)
		if gzipError != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("open gzip reader: %w", gzipError)
		}
		defer gzipReader.Close()
		lineScanner = bufio.NewScanner(gzipReader)
	} else {
		lineScanner = bufio.NewScanner(dataFile)
	}
	// OFF lines can exceed the default 64 KB scanner buffer.
	lineScanner.Buffer(make([]byte, 16*1024*1024), 16*1024*1024)

	var (
		productBatch  []productImportRow
		seenInBatch   = make(map[string]bool, *batchSizeFlag)
		totalAccepted int
		totalInserted int64
		totalSkipped  int
	)

	flushCurrent := func() error {
		inserted, flushError := flushBatch(importContext, pgxConn, productBatch)
		if flushError != nil {
			return flushError
		}
		totalInserted += inserted
		productBatch = productBatch[:0]
		for key := range seenInBatch {
			delete(seenInBatch, key)
		}
		slog.Info("progress",
			"accepted", totalAccepted,
			"inserted", totalInserted,
			"skipped", totalSkipped,
		)
		return nil
	}

	for lineScanner.Scan() {
		if importContext.Err() != nil {
			break
		}

		var record offRecord
		if decodeError := json.Unmarshal(lineScanner.Bytes(), &record); decodeError != nil {
			totalSkipped++
			continue
		}

		// Resolve canonical name: prefer English, fall back to any language.
		canonicalName := record.ProductNameEN
		if canonicalName == "" {
			canonicalName = record.ProductName
		}

		// Apply filter rules.
		if record.Code == "" || canonicalName == "" {
			totalSkipped++
			continue
		}
		if record.Nutriments.EnergyKcal100g == nil || *record.Nutriments.EnergyKcal100g <= 0 {
			totalSkipped++
			continue
		}
		if *minScansFlag > 0 && record.UniqueScansN < *minScansFlag {
			totalSkipped++
			continue
		}

		// Deduplicate by canonical_name within the current batch.
		if seenInBatch[canonicalName] {
			totalSkipped++
			continue
		}
		seenInBatch[canonicalName] = true

		totalAccepted++
		productBatch = append(productBatch, productImportRow{
			canonicalName: canonicalName,
			barcode:       record.Code,
			category:      resolveCategory(record.CategoriesTags),
			calories:      *record.Nutriments.EnergyKcal100g,
			protein:       record.Nutriments.Proteins100g,
			fat:           record.Nutriments.Fat100g,
			carbs:         record.Nutriments.Carbohydrates100g,
			fiber:         record.Nutriments.Fiber100g,
		})

		if len(productBatch) >= *batchSizeFlag {
			if flushError := flushCurrent(); flushError != nil {
				return flushError
			}
		}

		if *limitFlag > 0 && totalAccepted >= *limitFlag {
			break
		}
	}

	if scanError := lineScanner.Err(); scanError != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("read file: %w", scanError)
	}

	// Flush any remaining rows.
	if len(productBatch) > 0 {
		if flushError := flushCurrent(); flushError != nil {
			return flushError
		}
	}

	slog.Info("import complete",
		"accepted", totalAccepted,
		"inserted", totalInserted,
		"skipped", totalSkipped,
	)
	return nil
}

// flushBatch upserts productBatch into the catalog.
// It uses a staging table + COPY for fast bulk loading, then INSERT … SELECT with
// ON CONFLICT to safely merge into products.
func flushBatch(
	requestContext context.Context,
	pgxConn *pgx.Conn,
	productBatch []productImportRow,
) (int64, error) {
	if len(productBatch) == 0 {
		return 0, nil
	}

	// Truncate staging table so it is empty before each batch.
	if _, truncateError := pgxConn.Exec(requestContext, `TRUNCATE products_import`); truncateError != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("truncate staging table: %w", truncateError)
	}

	// COPY product rows into the staging table.
	// No unique constraints here, so the COPY never errors on duplicate data.
	_, copyError := pgxConn.CopyFrom(
		requestContext,
		pgx.Identifier{"products_import"},
		[]string{
			"canonical_name", "barcode", "category",
			"calories_per_100g", "protein_per_100g", "fat_per_100g",
			"carbs_per_100g", "fiber_per_100g",
		},
		pgx.CopyFromSlice(len(productBatch), func(rowIndex int) ([]any, error) {
			row := productBatch[rowIndex]
			return []any{
				row.canonicalName, row.barcode, row.category,
				row.calories, row.protein, row.fat,
				row.carbs, row.fiber,
			}, nil
		}),
	)
	if copyError != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("copy products to staging table: %w", copyError)
	}

	// Nullify any barcode in the staging table that is already assigned to a
	// different product in the catalog. This prevents unique-constraint violations
	// on the barcode column during the INSERT below.
	if _, updateError := pgxConn.Exec(requestContext, `
		UPDATE products_import pi
		SET    barcode = NULL
		WHERE  pi.barcode IS NOT NULL
		  AND  EXISTS (
		           SELECT 1 FROM products p
		           WHERE  p.barcode = pi.barcode
		       )`); updateError != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("nullify conflicting barcodes: %w", updateError)
	}

	// Insert from staging into the catalog.
	// ON CONFLICT (canonical_name): update nutritional columns but leave barcode
	// unchanged — we do not want to reassign a barcode that already belongs to this
	// canonical entry, nor steal one from another entry.
	upsertRows, upsertError := pgxConn.Query(requestContext, `
		INSERT INTO products (
			canonical_name, barcode, category,
			calories_per_100g, protein_per_100g, fat_per_100g,
			carbs_per_100g,    fiber_per_100g
		)
		SELECT
			canonical_name, barcode, category,
			calories_per_100g, protein_per_100g, fat_per_100g,
			carbs_per_100g,    fiber_per_100g
		FROM products_import
		ON CONFLICT (canonical_name) DO UPDATE SET
			category          = COALESCE(EXCLUDED.category,          products.category),
			calories_per_100g = COALESCE(EXCLUDED.calories_per_100g, products.calories_per_100g),
			protein_per_100g  = COALESCE(EXCLUDED.protein_per_100g,  products.protein_per_100g),
			fat_per_100g      = COALESCE(EXCLUDED.fat_per_100g,      products.fat_per_100g),
			carbs_per_100g    = COALESCE(EXCLUDED.carbs_per_100g,    products.carbs_per_100g),
			fiber_per_100g    = COALESCE(EXCLUDED.fiber_per_100g,    products.fiber_per_100g),
			updated_at        = now()
		RETURNING id`)
	if upsertError != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("upsert products: %w", upsertError)
	}

	var insertedCount int64
	for upsertRows.Next() {
		var productID string
		if scanError := upsertRows.Scan(&productID); scanError != nil {
			upsertRows.Close()
			return 0, fmt.Errorf("scan upserted product id: %w", scanError)
		}
		insertedCount++
	}
	upsertRows.Close()
	if rowsError := upsertRows.Err(); rowsError != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("iterate upsert results: %w", rowsError)
	}

	return insertedCount, nil
}